Proof of Parity on $\mathbb{N}$
2020-4-22 created by AD1024
{-# LANGUAGE GADTs, DataKinds,
TypeFamilies, UndecidableInstances #-}
module OddsAndEvens where
-- | The natural numbers.
data Nat = Z | S Nat
-- | The axioms of even numbers.
data Even (a :: Nat) :: * where
-- | Zero is even.
ZeroEven :: Even 'Z
-- | If n is even, then n+2 is even.
NextEven :: Even n -> Even ('S ('S n))
-- | The axioms of odd numbers.
data Odd (a :: Nat) :: * where
-- | One is odd.
OneOdd :: Odd ('S 'Z)
-- | If n is odd, then n+2 is odd.
NextOdd :: Odd n -> Odd ('S ('S n))
-- | Proves that if n is even, n+1 is odd.
-- Notice how I use the axioms here.
evenPlusOne :: Even n -> Odd ('S n)
evenPlusOne ZeroEven = OneOdd
evenPlusOne (NextEven n) = NextOdd (evenPlusOne n)
-- | Proves that if n is odd, n+1 is even.
oddPlusOne :: Odd n -> Even ('S n)
oddPlusOne OneOdd = NextEven (ZeroEven)
oddPlusOne (NextOdd n) = NextEven (oddPlusOne n)
-- | Adds two natural numbers together.
-- Notice how the definition pattern matches.
type family Add (n :: Nat) (m :: Nat) :: Nat
type instance Add 'Z m = m
type instance Add ('S n) m = 'S (Add n m)
-- | Proves even + even = even
-- Notice how the pattern matching mirrors `Add`s definition.
evenPlusEven :: Even n -> Even m -> Even (Add n m)
evenPlusEven ZeroEven m = m
evenPlusEven (NextEven n) m = NextEven (evenPlusEven n m)
-- | Proves odd + odd = even
oddPlusOdd :: Odd n -> Odd m -> Even (Add n m)
oddPlusOdd OneOdd m = oddPlusOne m
oddPlusOdd (NextOdd n) m = NextEven (oddPlusOdd n m)
-- | Proves even + odd = odd
evenPlusOdd :: Even n -> Odd m -> Odd (Add n m)
evenPlusOdd ZeroEven m = m
evenPlusOdd (NextEven n) m = NextOdd (evenPlusOdd n m)
-- | Proves odd + even = odd
oddPlusEven :: Odd n -> Even m -> Odd (Add n m)
oddPlusEven OneOdd m = evenPlusOne m
oddPlusEven (NextOdd n) m = NextOdd (oddPlusEven n m)
-- | Multiplies two natural numbers.
type family Mult (n :: Nat) (m :: Nat) :: Nat
type instance Mult 'Z m = 'Z
type instance Mult ('S n) m = Add m (Mult n m)
-- | Proves even * even = even
evenTimesEven :: Even n -> Even m -> Even (Mult n m)
evenTimesEven ZeroEven _ = ZeroEven
evenTimesEven (NextEven n) m = evenPlusEven m $ evenPlusEven m (evenTimesEven n m)
-- | Proves odd * odd = odd
oddTimesOdd :: Odd n -> Odd m -> Odd (Mult n m)
oddTimesOdd OneOdd OneOdd = OneOdd
oddTimesOdd (NextOdd n) OneOdd = NextOdd (oddTimesOdd n OneOdd)
oddTimesOdd OneOdd (NextOdd m) = NextOdd (oddTimesOdd OneOdd m)
oddTimesOdd (NextOdd n) (NextOdd m) = NextOdd (oddPlusEven m (NextEven (oddPlusOdd m (oddTimesOdd n (NextOdd m)))))
-- | Proves even * odd = even
evenTimesOdd :: Even n -> Odd m -> Even (Mult n m)
evenTimesOdd ZeroEven _ = ZeroEven
evenTimesOdd (NextEven n) OneOdd = NextEven (evenTimesOdd n OneOdd)
evenTimesOdd (NextEven n) (NextOdd m) = NextEven (oddPlusOdd m (NextOdd (oddPlusEven m (evenTimesOdd n (NextOdd m)))))
-- | Proves odd * even = even
oddTimesEven :: Odd n -> Even m -> Even (Mult n m)
oddTimesEven OneOdd ZeroEven = ZeroEven
oddTimesEven OneOdd (NextEven m) = NextEven (evenPlusEven m ZeroEven)
oddTimesEven (NextOdd n) ZeroEven = oddTimesEven n ZeroEven
oddTimesEven (NextOdd n) (NextEven m) = NextEven (evenPlusEven m (NextEven (evenPlusEven m (oddTimesEven n (NextEven m)))))